Gastroenteritis: Symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

What is gastroenteritis?

Also known as the stomach flu, gastroenteritis is a mild illness that can affect people of all ages. In this article, we will explore its types, causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention, and answer some frequently asked questions.

Types of gastroenteritis:

It is classified into three types based on its infectious origin:

1. Viral: It is primarily caused by viruses such as rotavirus and norovirus. The incidence of viral infections varies seasonally, with winter being the most common time.
2. Bacterial: It occurs when the infection is caused by bacteria, usually due to consuming contaminated food or unfit water.
3. Parasitic: Although less common in Spain, it can be a frequent cause of gastroenteritis in people traveling abroad.

Causes:

It occurs when infectious microorganisms enter the body, often through the consumption of contaminated water or spoiled food.

Symptoms:

The characteristic symptoms of gastroenteritis include abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, general discomfort, food intolerance, and a slight increase in body temperature.

Treatment:

Since viral gastroenteritis is generally caused by viruses, antibiotics are not effective in its treatment. The primary focus is on maintaining a healthy diet and consuming plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and malnutrition. If symptoms worsen or persist for more than 48 hours, it is advisable to seek medical attention for a more comprehensive treatment.

Prevention:

Some preventive measures include maintaining proper food hygiene, washing hands before eating, thoroughly washing food, and, when necessary, receiving the appropriate vaccination.

Gastroenteritis is a common illness that can affect people of all ages. Although it is usually mild and resolves on its own, it is important to take preventive measures and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen. With good hygiene, proper nutrition, and care, it is possible to effectively prevent and overcome gastroenteritis.